Digital Communities Strategy

Question: Talk about the Digital Communities Strategy. Answer: Presentation: Correspondence is only the deliberate procedure of trading vital data and thoughts dependent on which both the sender and beneficiary can communicate with one another. At the current period, mass correspondence has extended their across the board wings all through the World. Mass correspondence empowers to increase the messages past going a specific geological limit with the assistance of different medium. The main role of executing a successful correspondence technique is to make a solid association among different networks. This specific investigation has principally centered to manage multi-stage correspondence methodology. Multi-stage correspondence is one of the significant pieces of mass correspondence. Two distinctive multiplatform specialized instruments have been chosen to be picked. In view of the two distinctive multiplatform specialized apparatuses the examination has centered to call attention to different effects of multiplatform correspondence system. The idea of multiplatform correspondence system: In the current period, the utilization of multi-stage correspondence media has become a need for expanding the wide spread wings all through World. Proficient communicators while extending their business overall need to realize how to use different media stage so as to make a powerful correspondence with the individuals of various network (Antonio, Grimaccia and Mussetta 2012). At the point when a business association expects to dispatch another item, the promoting chiefs need to use the prevalence of media so as to draw the consideration of the individuals from various network. Around then, this specific business association expects to utilize multi-stage correspondence technique for making a market request on their item. With the assistance of multiplatform correspondence, procedure has been utilized fundamentally to draw the consideration of various network individuals (Bechmann 2012). Individuals of various culture and demeanor have a place with a specific network. Some of them a re a lot of cutting edge in innovation and some isn't that much recognizable to utilize the utility of online media stage. The key job of an expert communicator is to arrive at the doorsteps of each sort of target individuals. In this circumstance, multiplatform correspondence methodology has been utilized to manage the individuals of different culture and mentality (Candel 2012). Also, while advancing another brand business associations means to arrive at their items in different remote territories. Along these lines, online stage is productive for the propelled individuals, particularly for the youthful age. Then again, disconnected media stage can without much of a stretch draw the consideration of moderately aged and old matured people. Different instruments of multiplatform correspondence methodology: Multiplatform correspondence procedure is established with two significant apparatuses fundamentally that incorporate online correspondence stage and disconnected correspondence stage. With the assistance of online correspondence stage, the communicators plan to draw the consideration of various network individuals having a place from different topographical zones (Del Mar Grando and Bonaut 2012). Then again, disconnected correspondence stage is utilized for the local network basically. For a model, most the Asian nations have still stayed under creating. While advancing a business item in those under creating nations, showcasing chiefs expect to use the foundation of disconnected media, for example, radio, TV, paper magazine, standard, accumulating, billboard thus many. Online correspondence stage: Among the online correspondence stage, the expert communicators principally plan to utilize the fame of internet based life so as to draw the consideration of different various networks. Among the internet based life stage, the name of facebook, twitter, instagarm are generally conspicuous (Friedrichsen and Mhl-Benninghaus 2013). With the assistance of facebook and twitter, individuals of different remote territories can keep a consistent connection with one another. Various business associations like to use the foundation of facebook by giving on the web ads. Individuals of various nations get the chances to see this commercial (Garca-Avils 2012). Subsequently, their image doesn't stay limited inside a specific territorial region. This is one of the best approaches to advance another brand. Web based life is one of the most famous stages dependent on which different business associations can arrive at their image in the global market. Youthful ages are the intense clients of faceboo k and twitter. Ghanam, Maurer and Abrahamsson (2012) expressed that the majority of the nations of Australia, UK, US mean to use the notoriety of online media. Because of the innovative progression, the individuals of these nations are very much familiar with web based life stage. Disconnected correspondence stage Among the disconnected TV stage the utilization of TV is generally noticeable. TV has been considered as a mass correspondence that can duplicate the messages. Individuals of various territories come to think about the new brands and items. Business associations by and large expect to advance their item through TV promoting. The greater part of the eminent associations will in general compensation for prime time so their new item can draw the consideration of a large portion of the individuals. Goyanes and Drrenberg (2014) opined that moderately aged people are the prime clients of TV. Thusly, business associations can without much of a stretch use TV so as to draw the consideration of target clients. Significant procedures on multiplatform correspondence Multiplatform procedure has been utilized principally so as to connect with the individuals for making a compelling correspondence (Guerrero, Diego and Pardo 2013). If there should be an occurrence of any business association, business specialists like to follow multiplatform business system so as to draw the consideration of individuals from different culture and foundation. The ways that multiplatform procedure can be applied are as followed: Client driven procedure as opposed to the stage driven: Perhaps the most compelling motivation of utilizing multiplatform methodology inside the associations is to dazzle various types of clients. Different business associations expect to utilize multiplatform correspondence system for drawing the consideration of various sort of individuals (Korda and Itani 2013). Individuals from 18 to 34 age bunch are predominantly alright with online media. Thusly, business associations like to utilize web-based social networking, for example, facebook, twitter for expanding the consideration of youthful age essentially. Making a steady and coordinated consideration: At the point when a business association plans to keep up a limited time movement, the business specialists will in general use multiplatform media so as to extinguish the thirst of target shoppers. According to the buyer conduct, individuals need to accumulate a point by point information and data about a specific item before buying it (Lin 2012). Media is one of the best stages dependent on which individuals of different societies and foundation can come to itemized data about this particular brand. In this way, multiplatform media can make a predictable consideration in the middle of the communicators and collectors. Understanding segment contrasts Proficient communicators like to isolate the multiplatform media according to the segment advertise division. Segment showcase division has been directed by sex, pay status and age gathering of individuals. While propelling another business in a created nation like Australia, the business administrators might want to isolate the market according to the pay level of target customers (Mic, Masip and Domingo 2013). The media has been used dependent on the age gathering. For a model, disconnected media, for example, TV, radio, paper, magazines are fundamentally valuable for the period of over 40 individuals. Then again, online networking stage has been utilized for 18 to 35 age bunch essentially. Effect of multiplatform correspondence methodology: Individuals get high advantages and offices by utilizing multiplatform correspondence methodology inside the association. Prior to buying an item from a specific association, the objective clients can come to know an inside and out diagram about this specific item. Subsequently, it is valuable for both the association and the clients. Simultaneously, this correspondence system isn't without a portion of its negative effect also. Notwithstanding, in this part, both the positive and the negative effects of multiplatform correspondence procedure have been talked about in definite. To make a viable correspondence with the individuals By utilizing multiplatform correspondence system, both the sender and collector can make a successful collaboration with one another. While advancing another item business associations like to make an open gathering in the new media stage (Srensen 2013). Through this specific open discussion both the specialist co-ops and the collectors can keep up a correspondence. Purchasers are allowed to know their criticism about the item and administration arrangement of the organization. Furthermore, they can submit a question also against the administration framework. Specialist co-ops then again plan to change their business system according to the input got from the clients. If there should arise an occurrence of disconnected media, the business association gets the input being deferred. With the assistance of disconnected media, purchasers can't get the chance to discuss legitimately with the association. Regardless of that it is obvious that individuals of different culture and foundation can cause a successful to associate with the assistance of multiplatform media. To join individuals in an enormous stage Multiplatform correspondence procedure can join individuals in an immense stage. For a model, if a business association means to give a web based promoting in web based life stage, this association can make the consideration of

Ahabs Evil Quest Melvilles Symbols In Moby

Ahab?s Evil Quest: Melville?s Symbols In Moby-Dick Essay Ahabs Evil Quest:Melvilles Symbols in Moby-DickHerman Melville started chipping away at his epic novel Moby-Dick in 1850, composing itprimarily as a report on the whaling journeys he embraced during the 1830s and mid 1840s. Numerous pundits guess that his underlying book didn't contain characters, for example, Ahab,Starbuck, or even Moby Dick, yet the mid year of 1850 changed Melvilles composing andhis gem. He became companions with creator Nathaniel Hawthorne and was greatlyinfluenced by him. He additionally read Shakespeare and Miltons Paradise Lost (Murray 41). These impacts lead to the novel Melville finished and distributed in 1851. Althoughshunned by pundits after its discharge, Moby-Dick appreciated a basic renaissance in the 1920sand as expected its legitimate spot in the groups of American and world writing as agreat great. Through the images utilized by Melville, Moby-Dick contemplates mansrelationship with his universe, his destiny, and his God. Ahab speaks to the class hu mansmake with fiendish when they question the destiny God has willed upon them, and God isrepresented by the incredible white whale, Moby Dick. In Moby-Dick, Herman Melville usesa huge range of images and moral stories in the quest for the genuine clarification of mansplace known to mankind and his relationship with his destiny and his God. The focal point of unfeeling destiny and malevolence images is set on the head of Ahab, commander ofthe Pequod. Ishmael, however storyteller of the story, isn't the focal point of Moby-Dick afterCaptain Ahab is presented onto the deck of the boat and energetically. The focal point of thenovel shifts from the first year recruit whaler to experienced Ahab, a corrupt, god-like man(Melville 82). Having been a whaler for a long time, he is a very much regarded commander, yethis past journey has left him without an appendage, and in its place is a peg leg cut fromwhale ivory. Ahab stays underneath decks shadowed in lack of definition for the underlying stages ofthe Pequods venture into the Atlantic. Ahab before long uncovers his insidious arrangement to his crew,however, in a furious assault of rhetoric he wishes to look for, chase, and obliterate the WhiteWhale, the legendary Moby Dick. It was the white whale Moby Dick which had, on Ahabsprior journey, insatiably ate up his leg, and Ahab harbored an angry vengeance on hispersecutor. Any notice of Moby Dick sent Ahab into an enraged wrath (Melville 155). Heriles against Starbuck, the principal mate and Starbuck answers, retaliation on a stupid savage! . . . to be goaded with an idiotic thing, Captain Ahab, appears to be irreverent (Melville 155). It is through Ahabs discourse and his resulting exchange with Starbuck that asecond significant image is brought into the story, Moby Dick. Impiety is irreverencetoward God or something sacrosanct, not disrespectfulness toward an imbecilic brutish whale. YetStarbuck blames Ahab for obscenity. Melville puts this somewhat unforgiving accusatory wordin the mouth of the Christian-disapproved Starbuck, coordinated at a malevolently vindictive Ahab. The main way activities taken against Moby Dick could be profane is on the off chance that he is hallowed. Through roundabout depictions of Moby Dick and direct rantings of a crazy man,Melville peppers Moby-Dick with clues and pieces of information at the genuine quintessence Ahab sees behindthe image of Moby Dick. As indicated by mariners stories and legends, Moby Dick is found in two spots at onceat better places the world over. In this attribute Melville is proposing inescapability, agodlike quality (Melville 172). The mariners think he is interminable, another exceptional trait,because he has been skewered ordinarily and still lives (Braswell 152). Ahab himselfbelieves Moby Dicks power is ludicrous, similar to Gods transcendence. Ahab states inChapter XXXVI, that mysterious thing Moby Dicks power is mostly what I hate(Melville157). Notwithstanding the supernatural attributes of power andomnipresence, Moby Dick has gained notoriety for tearing through delinquents. Heshows supernatural equity and leniency in sparing Steelkilt and slaughtering the unfair Radney, as thecrew gains from the mariners of the Town-Ho (Auden 11). Melville utilizes numerous different images to make the white whale an image of divinepower (Braswell 151). His terrible severe magnificence is divine, similar to his titani c force and hispyramidical white protuberance. His shading, white, has connoted an uncommon sacredness; and Melvilledevotes a whole part, described by Ishmael, in which he investigates the importance ofwhiteness through the ages and through the eyes of a wide range of societies (Arvin221-222). In Chapter LI, the Pequod sights a puzzling shimmering plane of water obviouslyemanating from a whale. The sails are spread and the boat gives pursue, however thespirit-ramble is rarely distinguished. On the off chance that this soul ramble is exuding from Moby Dick, it isreminiscent of Gods mainstay of fire in Exodus. Through these and other little intimations andsymbols, Melville hints that Moby Dick is sacrosanct and supernatural. Metal balls EssayMelville includes more imagery close to the finish of the novel. At the point when Ahab announcedhis wicked goals from the get-go in the journey, he offered an Ecuadorian dubloon as a prizefor the principal man who located Moby Dick. The coin shows the sun moving into thezodiacal heavenly body of Libra, the Scales. Did Melville plant this image to propose thescales of destiny were saying something regarding Ahab? (Pursue, Melville 59). Destiny gauged Ahaband discovered him needing on the grounds that his malevolent journey finishes hopelessly. He pursues Moby Dick,Moby Dick doesn't pursue him. Had he not sought after Moby Dick, Moby Dick would nothave demolished the whole boat and its team, spare Ishmael who endure the encounter(Arvin 217). On day three of Ahabs chase, the whale pulverizes the whaling pontoons and thePequod, in this way obliterating the individuals who try to get away from their human constraints andquestion their supernaturally appointed destiny. Me lvilles moral stories and imagery Ahabsymbolizing men who feel wronged by God and Moby Dick representing a wrathful Godwho will annihilate the individuals who wish to demolish Him are woven into a timelessmasterpiece of work and are uncovered through a huge range of images, insights, andrantings. Works CitedArvin, Newton. The Whale. Parker and Hayford. 196. Auden, W. H. The Romantic Use of Symbols. Gilmore. 9. Sprout, Harold, ed. Herman Melvilles Moby-Dick: Modern Critical Interpretations.New York: Chelsea, 1986. Braswell, William. Moby-Dick Is an Allegory of Humanitys Struggle with God.Leone. 149. Buell, Lawrence. Moby-Dick as Sacred Text. Sprout. 62. Pursue, Richard, ed. Melville: A Collection of Critical Essays. Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice, 1965. Pursue, Richard. Melville and Moby-Dick. Pursue. 49. Gilmore, Michael T., ed. Twentieth Century Interpretations of Moby-Dick. EnglewoodCliffs, NJ: Prentice, 1977. Guiley, Rosemary. Harpers Encyclopedia of Mystical Paranormal Experience. NewYork: Castle, 1991. Hillway, Tyrus. Herman Melville. New York: Twayne, 1963. House, Paul R. Old Testament Survey. Nashville: Broadman, 1992. Kazin, Alfred. Prologue to Moby-Dick. Pursue. 39. Leone, Bruno, ed. Readings on Herman Melville. San Diego: Greenhaven, 1997. Melville, Herman. Moby-Dick, or The Whale. 1851. New York: Bantam, 1981. Murray, Henry A. In Nomine Diaboli: Moby-Dick. Blossom. 39. Parker, Hershel, and Harrison Hayford, eds. Moby-Dick as Dubloon. New York: Norton,1970. Spiller, Robert, et al. Scholarly History of the United States of America. New York: Scott,1968.

Evaluation of The Woman In Black Essay -- Drama

Assessment of The Woman In Black On the 26/6/05 we went to see a presentation called the ladies dressed in dark with all the students who picked show as their gcse. We advanced toward the mentor and prepared to leave. The mentor crashed into London and everybody was exceptionally excited about considering this to be as it was expected to be frightening and a great many people there hadn’t been to the theater. First we went to the theater where we were given a see of how they utilized lighting and sound on the stage. I was extraordinarily intrigued at how the lighting was such a major part in an exhibition! It influenced the entire state of mind of the crowd implying that the sound and lighting chief can control our temperament before the entertainers even jump on the stage. This I believe is indispensable for the entertainers, for instance if the lights were bright and you were attempting to pull of a frightening scene it just wouldn’t work or it would be difficult to pull off. Yet, on the off chance that the lights were diminish or even on dark out then the mind-set would change, murkiness is a decent apparatus to utilize, yet utilized time after time can destroy a play. Dimness had a significant impact in the play; it was utilized a few times, however just one being utilized to alarm the crowd. This made pressure as some of the time, nothing frightening would happen when the lights got diminish. Sounds were likewise utilized with the lighting to make or make you utilize your creative mind on the stage. Various sounds were played, however I found that the best â€Å"trick† they utilized was the excursion the principle character does on the...

The Theory Of Supply and Demand in College Admissions

HomeApplyThe Theory Of Supply and Demand in College AdmissionsThis page may contain affiliate links.Oct 29, 2019Why do you need to understand the basics of supply and demand in higher education? Because paying for college is like paying for any other service or product in your life. Higher education is a business, with its own marketplace, that abides (somewhat) by the basic principles you may have learned in economics. The sooner you recognize this, the sooner you can start targeting schools most likely to provide the most generous merit aid. Colleges in high demand have so many students applying, they can be more selective about who they accept. The fact that these schools are in such high demand means they don’t have to offer any incentive for students to attend. In fact, they can charge more for students just to apply! If nothing else, consider how a college that receives so many applications from top-notch students would even award merit scholarships when everyone is so obviously qualified? So, as acceptance rates decrease, the cost of a college increases. However, colleges that don’t have the same flow of applications from qualified students have to offer financial incentives for them to attend. Among the 81 colleges that accept less than 40% of students, only 2 provide 90% or more of freshman with institutional aid. And a large number of these 81 schools give institutional aid to less than 50% of freshman; but the vast majority of that money is actually need-based aid, NOT merit aid. Bottom line: If you want to pay less for college, you need to start shopping for schools that have less demand, where you may not recognize the name, and where they have higher acceptance rates – which are all not such bad things! It also doesnt mean youll get a less than quality education. The Value of Rankings and Paying For College What makes 50 or fewer colleges so much more attractive than the remaining 1500? Can you say â€Å"US News Best College Rankings?† For those who want the short version, the problem with rankings is deciding what to rank. In the case of US News, popularity is a major factor in their rankings; though in their language it’s called â€Å"reputation† and it accounts for over 20% of the rankings. For the purposes of the rankings, â€Å"reputation† is measured by a survey of college officials who US News believes are objective about the ranking process. In fact, US News explicitly states that â€Å"reputation† shouldn’t be based on measurable criteria. Hmmm†¦ so a lot of this is just opinion? What does this mean for families who want to pay less for college? If you believe that rankings are an indicator of popularity, then more students with better qualifications will be applying to these schools. Combining this with our higher education supply and demand theory, as more students apply, acceptance rates decline and college prices increase. The question is â€Å"Does a higher ranked school deliver a better education that justifies a higher price?† Some would argue that a higher priced college does deliver more value and a better return on your investment. But that’s hard to conclude because it’s difficult to account for the different qualifications of students that by the nature of the higher rankings they attract. And colleges aren’t forthcoming in supplying information on salaries and graduate school acceptance rates. Bottom line: If you can’t prove a higher ranked college is worth the cost, why not consider a lower ranked school that gives you a better deal? Geography Matters If Youre Trying To Pay Less For College As anyone who has purchased real estate knows, a big factor that drives price is: location, location, location. The same thing goes for college prices. How much you pay for college can depend on location. The fact is, for whatever reasons, high school students prefer to attend colleges on the west coast and northeast, especially schools that offer a â€Å"big city† experience. Since colleges are well aware of this, they adjust their prices accordingly. When you look at the average net price for private colleges by region, the most expensive region is New England, followed by the Far West and then the Mid East. Bottom line: Because of the differences in demand caused by geography, students can find schools outside of the west coast and northeast that offer similar quality but more generous merit aid. Avoid Goldilocks Colleges If Youre Worried About Paying For College There are some pretty common stereotypes about college size, both good and bad. Small colleges provide personal attention but you’ll be limited in opportunities and everyone will know your business. Large colleges and universities provide plenty of academic opportunities, a diverse student population along with name recognition, and career networking opportunities but it’s easy for students to get lost in the system. Maybe because of these perceptions, high school students seem to prefer Goldilocks colleges – not too big, not too small, but just right. While there’s not official definition, we put Goldilocks size at more than 5,000 but less then 10,000 students. The problem with the Goldilocks preference is that it eliminates a vast majority of schools from consideration. Approximately three-quarters of all four-year colleges have less than 5,000 undergraduates. Also, Goldilocks schools with a 50% or better graduation rate have the highest average net price among schools with similar graduation rates but of different sizes.* By comparison, colleges with 5,000 or fewer undergraduates and 50% or better graduation rate, had the lowest average net price.* They also had the highest percentage of freshman receiving institutional grants. Bottom line: If you’re looking to pay less for college, it’s all about the numbers: size of undergraduate population, graduation rates, and net average price, to name a few. *Based on IPEDS data

Environmental Crisis - 1553 Words

Environmental Crisis We Have An Environmental Crisis Because We Have A People Crisis - A Crisis of Population Growth, of Wasteful Consumption of Resources, and A Crisis of Apathy and Inaction. An environmental crisis is an emergency concerned with the place in which every human lives - the environment. A people crisis is an emergency with the community that inhabits the world environment. A crisis of population growth is a turning point where the environment can no longer sustain the amounts of people which it contains. A crisis of apathy and inaction is one where the human race cannot be motivated to solve the problems with the environment that they themselves have created. The claim that we have an environmental crisis because we†¦show more content†¦Exhortations, campaigns, financial and material incentives, and numerous other sanctions were used to implement the policies. All these efforts were, at first, to redirect young couples to have fewer offspring and, later, to heed the one-child-per-couple, or minimal reproduction, policy. The purpose of this call for minimal reproduction was to keep the population from exceeding 1.2 billion by the year 2000. The scheme has proved problematic inside the country and controversial abroad for practical, political, ethical, and religious reasons. The massive gain in population in recent decades has intensified old difficulties in the countrys effort to raise living standards, and has ignited new economic, environmental, and social concerns within the nations borders. The major issues range from Chinas population carrying capacity, unemployment and underemployment in the countryside, surging urbanisation, and spreading air and water pollution to mass illiteracy and education in relation to development. SDI itself has added such new concerns as the effect of son preference on female infanticide and the sex ratio, the impact of a fast fertility reduction on population aging, and the implications of exempting the countrys 55 minority groups from the nations fertility control measures. The global significance of Chinas demographics is likewise enormous. Whatever the size of Chinas population is at the dawn of the 21st century it is certain to account forShow MoreRelatedThe Environmental Crisis Of Kenya And The United Nations Framework On Environmental Change1453 Words   |  6 Pages The environmental crisis is the biggest crisis of our time, climate change, scarcity of fresh water and bio diversity loss are just a few of the problems caused by the environmental crisis. 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The Public Health Field A Need For Inter Agency Cooperation

The public health field requires a lot of planning and coordination between different public health organizations. Partnerships are an important part of the public health planning because it identifies and recruits partners, which share the same core values, duties and constituencies as the partner organization. The representatives from each organization can be from community governance and public health services from all levels of government. To be able to respond to the needs of the general public, especially during emergency preparedness and response there is a need for inter-agency cooperation. The planning is done in advance and is vital to the overall outcome during such events. Another purpose for public health partnerships is†¦show more content†¦Partnerships help to cut down on cost directly and indirectly to maximize all available resources and recruit new talent. The partnerships cut down on organizations duplication of their individual efforts and enhanced the visibility and messaging. It can be viewed as a type of Cobranding and provides better ways to reach the intended audience. They work together to improve the health status and the publics’ health. However, with any partnership there can be some conflicts of interest to arise. There is no autonomy so the choices made affect both parties. As well it can get to the point where resources can be depleted to maintain the partnership. Risk taking is not realistic in partnerships and both parties must plan responsibly. To have a great partnership there must be a mutual understanding of all resources available to them. There must be some level of trust which is built over time through team building. It is imperative for the success of the partnership to have clear short term and long term goals. Each partner should have a clear understanding of the shared mission and goals with defined roles and responsibilities. All data collected should be used purposely for assessments, planning, implementation, and evaluation purposes. There are four types of partnerships, networking, coordinating, cooperating, and collaborating. In the networking partnership there is an exchange of ideas and

Company Dealing In Mining Metals Products â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Company Dealing In Mining Metals Products? Answer: Introduction Rio Tinto is the multinational company from Australia and it is one of the largest companies in the company dealing in mining and metals products. The company was formed during the year 1873. They are the leader in producing various products including iron ore, uranium, metal, coal, diamonds and copper. The main objective of the company is to become the global leader in mining in association with achieving and maintaining the sector leadership that will include sustainable development, operations excellence, innovation and exploration. The working approach of the company is to be effective with regard to all the operations and activities. All the employees and staffs of the company are well aware regarding the mission of the company and perform their activities accordingly. This generate the consistent policies and principles for the entire group as per the global criteria of the company with regard to environment, people, society and it further ensure the long run sustainability of the company (Rio-tinto.com.au, 2016). Audit planning The term audit planning is stated as the procedure under which the approaches are planned to carry on the forecasted outcomes that also states the audit scope within the company. Based on the nature of business and size of the business the planning of audit and required time may vary. As the business of Rio Tinto is large enough, it will need more time plan the audit and implement the strategy (Chou, 2015). The audit planning is generally a step by step process where the control under audit reviews the financial procedure and the internal control in association with management preparation. Preparing the plan for audit for Rio Tinto is the most stressful job for the audit firm NY audit firm as the entire audit is depended upon the audit plan. Various stages under audit planning are as follows Make the acceptance of the client and carry out the planning for initial audit Every client is different. In the same way Rio Tintos business procedures and circumstances are different from others. NY audit firm shall consider the mining industry in Australia and the clients integrity (Laitinen Laitinen, 2015). As the previous years audit was carried out by Price Water House Coopers, the audit firm NY, after taking the permission from the client, must contact the previous auditor before proceeding with the audit. The auditor may, if required, contact other companies that are in dealing with client to get any information regarding the client. The auditor shall perform the following activities before planning the audit Identify the reasons of the client for audit Establishing a level of understanding with client Select the staffs who will be engaged under the audit. It was found that Rio Tinto required the audit to find out true and fairness approach in preparing financial statement of the company. Further, the audit is required to be carried out to establish that the financial reports are prepared in accordance with the conceptual framework and the requirements of accounting standards. It is also expected that the audited report will increase the transparency, credibility as well as reduce the risk of investors of the financial statements (Christensen et al. 2016). The auditor will conduct a meeting with the management of Rio Tinto regarding the audit aspects like the areas to be covered under audit, availability of required information and documentation. During the meeting the auditor will also discuss about the staffs who will be engaged for the audit. Understanding the clients business process and the industry NY audit firm must have clear idea regarding the mining and metal industry in Australia and the business process of Rio Tinto. The auditor further shall acquire information regarding the intangible asset, global operations processing system of the information to deliver the client with best quality services. This approach of the auditor requires knowledge regarding the following dimensions Business process and operations Internal and external environment Strategies and objectives Governance and management Performance and measurements (Pike et al., 2016). It is found that Australia has wide supply for minerals that are extracted, processed and sold by mining division (Li et al,2016). The mining industry of Australia is price sensitive and is export oriented. The performance of Rio Tinto is highly depended on the pricing strategies, value of Australian dollar and the trend of supply and demand all over the world. Assessing the business risk of the client The auditor shall apply the strategic systems for getting information for the analysing the business risk of the client and establishing a basis for assessing the risk associated with material misstatement. As per the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the management of the client company shall certify that They have designed the disclosure procedures and controls for assuring that the major information regarding the business risk is revealed to them The management informed the audit committee and the auditor regarding the significant deficiencies associated with internal control, if any, inclusive of the material weaknesses. As per the recent statement of the chairman of Rio Tinto, Mr. Jan du Plessis regarding the condition of global business, tremendous uncertainties are exposing the business to the real risk. Mr. Plessis further stated that the company will continue to reduce the capital spending and cut-off the costs to face the storm (Costan Popa 2017). He further stated that the political environment and global economy started deteriorating since 2015 that led to the company in a challenging position to run the complex business like Rio Tinto. Further, the company is exposed to various risks with regard to operational, financial and regulatory compliance that have an impact on the reputation, operating license and performance of the company. However, the company tries to reduce the level of risk through establishing a risk aware culture among the employees and commitment for managing the risk in effective and proactive manner. Performing the preliminary analytical procedure The fourth major step under audit planning is performing the analytical procedures at preliminary level. Under this step the ratios of the client is calculated and measured with the industry average as well as with the previous year of the company (Connors et al., 2013). The ratios considered for are the liquidity ratio, profitability ratio and leverage ratio. Ratio calculation Ratio Formula Result Industry average 2016 (US $m) 2015 (US $m) Profitability ratios Net profit ratio Net profit / sales 19% -2% 20% Return on equity Net income / shareholder's equity 14% -2% 10% Liquidity ratio Current ratio Current assets / current liabilities 1.61 1.52 1 Liquid ratio Liquid assets / Current liabilities 1.29 1.20 1 Leverage ratio Debt ratio Total liabilities / total assets 0.49 0.52 0.50 Debt to equity ratio Total liabilities / total equity 0.95 1.07 0.5 Evaluation of the financial health Profitability ratio it us recognized that the company was not able earn positive return during the year 2015, However, during 2016 Rio Tinto recovered from that position and was able to earn a net profit ratio of 19% as compared to the industry average of 20%. The return on equity of the company was 14% that was more than the industry average of 10%. It indicates that the company is able to generate sufficient income to their shareholders. However, the significant changes in the profitability position during 2016 as compared to 2015 must be enquired and find out. Liquidity ratio the current ratio of the company was 1.52 and 1.61 respectively for the year 2015 and 2016 against the industry average of 1. Further, liquid ratio of company was 1.29 and 1.20 respectively for the year 2015 and 2016 against the industry average of 1. It indicates that the company can pay off their short-term obligation efficiently. However, as the current ratio of the company is quite high, the auditor must find out that the company may not use the working capital efficiently. Leverage ratio - The leverage ratio represents the debt load on the company as compared to the equity. It reveals the amount of assets owned by the shareholders and how much is owned by the creditors. It is recognized from the above calculation that the debt ratio of the company is more or less as per the industry average and does not require extensive analysis by the auditor (Gurov Milgunova, 2016). However, the debt to equity ratio of the company is quite high as compared to the industry average and that indicates that the company is highly leveraged and the auditor shall look into the fact. Recommendation Looking at the above scenario of Rio Tinto, it is suggested that for the purpose of auditing, NY shall adopt the analytical test procedure under which the expenses and revenue related transactions for the current year as well as the previous year shall be analysed. Further, under the analytical test approach the ratio analysis of the company will be carried out for the current as well as the previous years. Conclusion It is concluded that, the audit planning is essential for carrying out the audit smoothly. 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