Environmental Crisis - 1553 Words

Environmental Crisis We Have An Environmental Crisis Because We Have A People Crisis - A Crisis of Population Growth, of Wasteful Consumption of Resources, and A Crisis of Apathy and Inaction. An environmental crisis is an emergency concerned with the place in which every human lives - the environment. A people crisis is an emergency with the community that inhabits the world environment. A crisis of population growth is a turning point where the environment can no longer sustain the amounts of people which it contains. A crisis of apathy and inaction is one where the human race cannot be motivated to solve the problems with the environment that they themselves have created. The claim that we have an environmental crisis because we†¦show more content†¦Exhortations, campaigns, financial and material incentives, and numerous other sanctions were used to implement the policies. All these efforts were, at first, to redirect young couples to have fewer offspring and, later, to heed the one-child-per-couple, or minimal reproduction, policy. The purpose of this call for minimal reproduction was to keep the population from exceeding 1.2 billion by the year 2000. The scheme has proved problematic inside the country and controversial abroad for practical, political, ethical, and religious reasons. The massive gain in population in recent decades has intensified old difficulties in the countrys effort to raise living standards, and has ignited new economic, environmental, and social concerns within the nations borders. The major issues range from Chinas population carrying capacity, unemployment and underemployment in the countryside, surging urbanisation, and spreading air and water pollution to mass illiteracy and education in relation to development. SDI itself has added such new concerns as the effect of son preference on female infanticide and the sex ratio, the impact of a fast fertility reduction on population aging, and the implications of exempting the countrys 55 minority groups from the nations fertility control measures. The global significance of Chinas demographics is likewise enormous. Whatever the size of Chinas population is at the dawn of the 21st century it is certain to account forShow MoreRelatedThe Environmental Crisis Of Kenya And The United Nations Framework On Environmental Change1453 Words   |  6 Pages The environmental crisis is the biggest crisis of our time, climate change, scarcity of fresh water and bio diversity loss are just a few of the problems caused by the environmental crisis. 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The Public Health Field A Need For Inter Agency Cooperation

The public health field requires a lot of planning and coordination between different public health organizations. Partnerships are an important part of the public health planning because it identifies and recruits partners, which share the same core values, duties and constituencies as the partner organization. The representatives from each organization can be from community governance and public health services from all levels of government. To be able to respond to the needs of the general public, especially during emergency preparedness and response there is a need for inter-agency cooperation. The planning is done in advance and is vital to the overall outcome during such events. Another purpose for public health partnerships is†¦show more content†¦Partnerships help to cut down on cost directly and indirectly to maximize all available resources and recruit new talent. The partnerships cut down on organizations duplication of their individual efforts and enhanced the visibility and messaging. It can be viewed as a type of Cobranding and provides better ways to reach the intended audience. They work together to improve the health status and the publics’ health. However, with any partnership there can be some conflicts of interest to arise. There is no autonomy so the choices made affect both parties. As well it can get to the point where resources can be depleted to maintain the partnership. Risk taking is not realistic in partnerships and both parties must plan responsibly. To have a great partnership there must be a mutual understanding of all resources available to them. There must be some level of trust which is built over time through team building. It is imperative for the success of the partnership to have clear short term and long term goals. Each partner should have a clear understanding of the shared mission and goals with defined roles and responsibilities. All data collected should be used purposely for assessments, planning, implementation, and evaluation purposes. There are four types of partnerships, networking, coordinating, cooperating, and collaborating. In the networking partnership there is an exchange of ideas and

Company Dealing In Mining Metals Products â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Company Dealing In Mining Metals Products? Answer: Introduction Rio Tinto is the multinational company from Australia and it is one of the largest companies in the company dealing in mining and metals products. The company was formed during the year 1873. They are the leader in producing various products including iron ore, uranium, metal, coal, diamonds and copper. The main objective of the company is to become the global leader in mining in association with achieving and maintaining the sector leadership that will include sustainable development, operations excellence, innovation and exploration. The working approach of the company is to be effective with regard to all the operations and activities. All the employees and staffs of the company are well aware regarding the mission of the company and perform their activities accordingly. This generate the consistent policies and principles for the entire group as per the global criteria of the company with regard to environment, people, society and it further ensure the long run sustainability of the company (Rio-tinto.com.au, 2016). Audit planning The term audit planning is stated as the procedure under which the approaches are planned to carry on the forecasted outcomes that also states the audit scope within the company. Based on the nature of business and size of the business the planning of audit and required time may vary. As the business of Rio Tinto is large enough, it will need more time plan the audit and implement the strategy (Chou, 2015). The audit planning is generally a step by step process where the control under audit reviews the financial procedure and the internal control in association with management preparation. Preparing the plan for audit for Rio Tinto is the most stressful job for the audit firm NY audit firm as the entire audit is depended upon the audit plan. Various stages under audit planning are as follows Make the acceptance of the client and carry out the planning for initial audit Every client is different. In the same way Rio Tintos business procedures and circumstances are different from others. NY audit firm shall consider the mining industry in Australia and the clients integrity (Laitinen Laitinen, 2015). As the previous years audit was carried out by Price Water House Coopers, the audit firm NY, after taking the permission from the client, must contact the previous auditor before proceeding with the audit. The auditor may, if required, contact other companies that are in dealing with client to get any information regarding the client. The auditor shall perform the following activities before planning the audit Identify the reasons of the client for audit Establishing a level of understanding with client Select the staffs who will be engaged under the audit. It was found that Rio Tinto required the audit to find out true and fairness approach in preparing financial statement of the company. Further, the audit is required to be carried out to establish that the financial reports are prepared in accordance with the conceptual framework and the requirements of accounting standards. It is also expected that the audited report will increase the transparency, credibility as well as reduce the risk of investors of the financial statements (Christensen et al. 2016). The auditor will conduct a meeting with the management of Rio Tinto regarding the audit aspects like the areas to be covered under audit, availability of required information and documentation. During the meeting the auditor will also discuss about the staffs who will be engaged for the audit. Understanding the clients business process and the industry NY audit firm must have clear idea regarding the mining and metal industry in Australia and the business process of Rio Tinto. The auditor further shall acquire information regarding the intangible asset, global operations processing system of the information to deliver the client with best quality services. This approach of the auditor requires knowledge regarding the following dimensions Business process and operations Internal and external environment Strategies and objectives Governance and management Performance and measurements (Pike et al., 2016). It is found that Australia has wide supply for minerals that are extracted, processed and sold by mining division (Li et al,2016). The mining industry of Australia is price sensitive and is export oriented. The performance of Rio Tinto is highly depended on the pricing strategies, value of Australian dollar and the trend of supply and demand all over the world. Assessing the business risk of the client The auditor shall apply the strategic systems for getting information for the analysing the business risk of the client and establishing a basis for assessing the risk associated with material misstatement. As per the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the management of the client company shall certify that They have designed the disclosure procedures and controls for assuring that the major information regarding the business risk is revealed to them The management informed the audit committee and the auditor regarding the significant deficiencies associated with internal control, if any, inclusive of the material weaknesses. As per the recent statement of the chairman of Rio Tinto, Mr. Jan du Plessis regarding the condition of global business, tremendous uncertainties are exposing the business to the real risk. Mr. Plessis further stated that the company will continue to reduce the capital spending and cut-off the costs to face the storm (Costan Popa 2017). He further stated that the political environment and global economy started deteriorating since 2015 that led to the company in a challenging position to run the complex business like Rio Tinto. Further, the company is exposed to various risks with regard to operational, financial and regulatory compliance that have an impact on the reputation, operating license and performance of the company. However, the company tries to reduce the level of risk through establishing a risk aware culture among the employees and commitment for managing the risk in effective and proactive manner. Performing the preliminary analytical procedure The fourth major step under audit planning is performing the analytical procedures at preliminary level. Under this step the ratios of the client is calculated and measured with the industry average as well as with the previous year of the company (Connors et al., 2013). The ratios considered for are the liquidity ratio, profitability ratio and leverage ratio. Ratio calculation Ratio Formula Result Industry average 2016 (US $m) 2015 (US $m) Profitability ratios Net profit ratio Net profit / sales 19% -2% 20% Return on equity Net income / shareholder's equity 14% -2% 10% Liquidity ratio Current ratio Current assets / current liabilities 1.61 1.52 1 Liquid ratio Liquid assets / Current liabilities 1.29 1.20 1 Leverage ratio Debt ratio Total liabilities / total assets 0.49 0.52 0.50 Debt to equity ratio Total liabilities / total equity 0.95 1.07 0.5 Evaluation of the financial health Profitability ratio it us recognized that the company was not able earn positive return during the year 2015, However, during 2016 Rio Tinto recovered from that position and was able to earn a net profit ratio of 19% as compared to the industry average of 20%. The return on equity of the company was 14% that was more than the industry average of 10%. It indicates that the company is able to generate sufficient income to their shareholders. However, the significant changes in the profitability position during 2016 as compared to 2015 must be enquired and find out. Liquidity ratio the current ratio of the company was 1.52 and 1.61 respectively for the year 2015 and 2016 against the industry average of 1. Further, liquid ratio of company was 1.29 and 1.20 respectively for the year 2015 and 2016 against the industry average of 1. It indicates that the company can pay off their short-term obligation efficiently. However, as the current ratio of the company is quite high, the auditor must find out that the company may not use the working capital efficiently. Leverage ratio - The leverage ratio represents the debt load on the company as compared to the equity. It reveals the amount of assets owned by the shareholders and how much is owned by the creditors. It is recognized from the above calculation that the debt ratio of the company is more or less as per the industry average and does not require extensive analysis by the auditor (Gurov Milgunova, 2016). However, the debt to equity ratio of the company is quite high as compared to the industry average and that indicates that the company is highly leveraged and the auditor shall look into the fact. Recommendation Looking at the above scenario of Rio Tinto, it is suggested that for the purpose of auditing, NY shall adopt the analytical test procedure under which the expenses and revenue related transactions for the current year as well as the previous year shall be analysed. Further, under the analytical test approach the ratio analysis of the company will be carried out for the current as well as the previous years. Conclusion It is concluded that, the audit planning is essential for carrying out the audit smoothly. The audit partner from NY audit firm fund that Rio Tinto is the global leader in the mining sector. However, it is exposed to various risks and the company has some established strategies to mitigate the risks. Under the audit planning, the auditor will take into consideration all the aspects like risks, financial performance, and reason behind the audit and business process of the company for successful audit. Reference Chou, D. C. (2015). Cloud computing risk and audit issues.Computer Standards Interfaces,42, 137-142. Christensen, B. E., Glover, S. M., Omer, T. C., Shelley, M. K. (2016). Understanding audit management: Insights from audit professionals and investors.Contemporary Accounting Research,33(4), 1648-1684. Connors, G. J., DiClemente, C. C., Velasquez, M. M., Donovan, D. M. (2013).Substance abuse treatment and the stages of change: Selecting and planning interventions. Guilford Press. Costan, L., Popa, S. (2017, May). The Company's Internal Audit Seen as a Piece of a Complex System. InControl Systems and Computer Science (CSCS), 2017 21st International Conference on(pp. 371-374). IEEE. Gurov, V., Milgunova, I. psychology. Improving of assessment methodology of the audited organizations performance at the stage of audit planning. -, (157), 115-118. Laitinen, E. K., Laitinen, T. (2015). A probability tree model of audit quality.European Journal of Operational Research,243(2), 665-677. Li, J., Zhang, Y., Shao, S., Zhang, S., Ma, S. (2016). Application of cleaner production in a Chinese magnesia refractory material plant.Journal of Cleaner Production,113, 1015-1023. Pike, B. J., Chui, L., Martin, K. A., Olvera, R. M. (2016). External Auditors' Involvement in the Internal Audit Function's Work Plan and Subsequent Reliance Before and After a Negative Audit Discovery.Auditing: A Journal of Practice Theory,35(4), 159-173. Rio-tinto.com.au. (2016).Reports. [online] Available at: https://www.wesfarmers.com.au/investor-centre/company-performance-news/reports [Accessed 10 Sept. 2017].